Demonstrative and Possessive Adjectives

In Spanish, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate the proximity of objects or locations in relation to the speaker. They are also used to point out specific things. Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership. By understanding and using these adjectives correctly, you will be able to accurately express possession and indicate the location of things in Spanish.

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives in Spanish vary depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify. There are three sets of demonstrative adjectives: este/esta/estos/estas (this/these), ese/esa/esos/esas (that/those), and aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas (that/those over there).

Usage:

1. Este/Esta/Estos/Estas - Used to indicate objects or locations that are close to the speaker.

   • Examples:
     • Este libro - This book
     • Esta mesa - This table
     • Estos lápices - These pencils
     • Estas sillas - These chairs

2. Ese/Esa/Esos/Esas - Used to indicate objects or locations that are close to the listener or previously mentioned.

   • Examples:
     • Ese perro - That dog
     • Esa casa - That house
     • Esos coches - Those cars
     • Esas flores - Those flowers

3. Aquel/Aquella/Aquellos/Aquellas - Used to indicate objects or locations that are far from both the speaker and the listener.

   • Examples:
     • Aquel edificio - That building (over there)
     • Aquella montaña - That mountain (over there)
     • Aquellos árboles - Those trees (over there)
     • Aquellas personas - Those people (over there)

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives in Spanish are used to indicate ownership or possession. They agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

Usage:

1. Mi/Mis - My

   • Examples:
     • Mi casa - My house
     • Mis amigos - My friends
     • Mi libro - My book
     • Mis perros - My dogs

2. Tu/Tus - Your

   • Examples:
     • Tu casa - Your house
     • Tus amigos - Your friends
     • Tu libro - Your book
     • Tus perros - Your dogs

3. Su/Sus - His/Her/Your (formal)

   • Examples:
     • Su casa - His/Her house
     • Sus amigos - His/Her friends
     • Su libro - His/Her book
     • Sus perros - His/Her dogs

4. Nuestro/Nuestra/Nuestros/Nuestras - Our

   • Examples:
     • Nuestro hogar - Our home
     • Nuestras familias - Our families
     • Nuestro libro - Our book
     • Nuestros perros - Our dogs

5. Vuestro/Vuestra/Vuestros/Vuestras - Your (plural, informal)

   • Examples:
     • Vuestro apartamento - Your apartment
     • Vuestras mascotas - Your pets
     • Vuestro libro - Your book
     • Vuestros coches - Your cars

6. Su/Sus - Their/Your (plural, formal)

   • Examples:
     • Su casa - Their house
     • Sus hijos - Their children
     • Su libro - Their book
     • Sus perros - Their dogs

Recap

• Demonstrative adjectives in Spanish help indicate the proximity and location of objects or locations.
• Possessive adjectives in Spanish show ownership or possession.
• Demonstrative and possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
• Demonstrative adjectives include "este/esta/estos/estas," "ese/esa/esos/esas," and "aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas."
• Possessive adjectives include "mi/mis," "tu/tus," "su/sus," "nuestro/nuestra/nuestros/nuestras," "vuestro/vuestra/vuestros/vuestras," and "su/sus."