Subjunctive Tense - Introduction

Welcome to the Subjunctive Tense! In this lesson, we will cover the basics of the subjunctive tense in Portuguese. The subjunctive tense is used to express uncertainties, desires, doubts, hypothetical conditions, and subjective opinions. It adds a layer of subtlety and complexity to the language, allowing us to convey a wide range of meanings.

Recognizing the Subjunctive Tense

The subjunctive tense stands out from other tenses in Portuguese due to its distinctive verb endings. Although it can be a bit overwhelming at first, with practice and exposure, you will become comfortable with recognizing and using the subjunctive tense.

Expressing Uncertainties and Hypothetical Conditions

One of the primary functions of the subjunctive tense is to express uncertainties and hypothetical conditions. It allows us to talk about actions or states that are not yet certain or have not happened yet. Here are some common situations where the subjunctive tense is used:

1. Expressing wishes and desires:

   • Espero que você possa me ajudar. (I hope that you can help me.)
   • Tomara que ele venha amanhã. (Hopefully, he will come tomorrow.)

2. Talking about doubts and uncertainties:

   • Não tenho certeza se ele entende o que estou dizendo. (I'm not sure if he understands what I'm saying.)
   • Talvez eu vá à festa mais tarde. (Maybe I will go to the party later.)

3. Discussing hypothetical situations:

   • Se eles estudarem bastante, serão aprovados. (If they study hard, they will pass.)
   • Caso chova, vamos ficar em casa. (In case it rains, we'll stay home.)

Subjunctive Conjugations

Conjugating verbs in the subjunctive tense involves changes to the verb endings depending on the subject. There are different conjugation patterns for -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs. Here's a quick overview:

• -AR verbs: To form the subjunctive, replace -AR with -E, -ES, -E, -EMOS, -EIS, -EM.

  • Ex: Eu espero que eles viajem amanhã. (I hope that they travel tomorrow.)

• -ER verbs: To form the subjunctive, replace -ER with -A, -AS, -A, -AMOS, -AIS, -AM.

  • Ex: É importante que ela coma frutas todos os dias. (It's important that she eats fruit every day.)

• -IR verbs: To form the subjunctive, replace -IR with -A, -AS, -A, -AMOS, -AIS, -AM.

  • Ex: Eles querem que nós partamos logo. (They want us to leave soon.)

It's important to note that irregular verbs have their own conjugation patterns in the subjunctive tense. Practice conjugating regular and irregular verbs to become comfortable with their forms.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we explored the basics of the subjunctive tense in Portuguese. By recognizing its usage in expressing uncertainties and hypothetical conditions, you are on your way to mastering this essential aspect of the language. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using the subjunctive tense in your conversations and writing to strengthen your skills. In the next lesson, we will delve deeper into the differences between the indicative and subjunctive tenses. Até logo! (See you soon!)